I ēnei rā, kua whānui ake te mātauranga i tua atu i ngā kauhau me ngā akoranga ariā tuku iho. Kei te mārama ngā kaituku mahi, ngā whare mātauranga, me ngā tohunga anō hoki, kāore e ranea te mōhio noa ki ngā kaupapa hei angitu ai i roto i te mahi. Ko te mea nui ake ko te āhei ki te whakamahi i taua mātauranga i roto i ngā āhuatanga tūturu, te whakatau wawe i ngā whakatau, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua, me te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga hou. Nā konei kua tino rongonui ngā whakangungu pūkenga motuhake (special skills training), nā te mea ka āwhina ēnei ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga mahi e tino whakamahia ana i te ao tūturu.
Ko te tino āhuatanga o ēnei momo whakangungu ko te noho o ngā kaiuru hei wāhanga kaha o te tukanga ako. Kāore rātou e noho hei kaiwhakarongo noa ki te kaiwhakangungu, engari ka mahi tahi, ka whakatutuki i ngā mahi whakangungu, ka tātari i ngā āhuatanga, ka whakawhiti whakaaro mō ngā hua, ā, ka whiwhi urupare hoki. Nā tēnei huarahi ka tere ake te ako i ngā pūkenga hou, ā, ka kaha ake hoki tō rātou mau ki te hinengaro i tō ngā tikanga whakaako tuku iho.
Ko tētahi o ngā tukanga tino hira o ngā whakangungu katoa ko te kauhau poto (mini-lecture). Ahakoa he poto noa te roa, he tino nui tōna wāriu, nā te mea ka āwhina i ngā kaiuru kia mārama ki ngā ariā matua, ngā whāinga, me ngā mātāpono o te pūkenga e akona ana. Kāore te kauhau poto pai e taumaha rawa i te hunga whakarongo ki te nui o ngā kōrero. Ka tukuna noa ngā mōhiohio e tika ana mō te whakatutuki i ngā mahi ā-ringa, ka tautokona hoki e ngā tauira nō te ao tūturu, ā, kātahi ka anga wawe ki te wāhanga mahi.
Ko te wāhanga whai muri ko te whakaatu tauira o te whanonga tika, o te huarahi tika rānei hei whakatutuki i tētahi mahi. Mā te mātakitaki i te kaiwhakangungu, i tētahi atu kaiuru rānei, ka whiwhi te rōpū i tētahi tauira mārama hei whai, ā, ka māmā ake te ako i taua pūkenga. He tino whai hua tēnei huarahi i roto i te whakangungu mō ngā whiriwhiringa, ngā mahi tohutohu, ngā kauhau tūmatanui, ngā hoko, me ētahi atu momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngaio.
Kāore e taea te whakaaro i tētahi whakangungu hou me te kore whakaari tūranga (role-playing). Mā tēnei tikanga ka tino tata te tukanga ako ki ngā āhuatanga o te ao tūturu. Ka whakawhiwhia ngā kaiuru ki ētahi tūranga, ā, ka mahi tahi rātou ki te whakatau i ngā raruraru o te ao mahi, o te ao rānei. Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea te whakamātau haumaru i ngā momo whanonga rerekē, te ako ki te whakatau kaupapa, me te kite i ngā hua o aua whakatau me te kore e tūpono ki ngā hapa i roto i te mahi tūturu.
He tino whakamahia hoki te whakamātau āhuatanga (simulation). He rerekē tēnei i te whakaari tūranga, nā te mea ko te aronga matua ko te tātari i tētahi raruraru motuhake me te rapu i te otinga tino whai hua. Ka tirohia e ngā kaiuru ngā tauira tūturu nō te ao mahi, ka kōrero mō ngā huarahi rerekē hei whakautu, ā, ka aromatawai i ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia kōwhiringa. Mā tēnei mahi ka whakawhanakehia te whakaaro tātari me te āhei ki te whakatau kaupapa i runga i ngā taunakitanga.
Ko te tūāpapa o ngā whakangungu katoa ko ngā mahi ā-ringa (practical exercises). Mā te tukurua tonutanga ka huri ngā mahi takitahi hei pūkenga pūmau. Ka kaha ake te whakamahi a te tangata i tētahi whanonga hou i roto i te taiao whakangungu haumaru, ka māmā ake hoki tana whakamahi i taua pūkenga i roto i te ao tūturu. Nā konei ka whakapaua te nuinga o te wā whakangungu ki ngā mahi ā-ringa, kaua ki ngā whakamārama roa.
He tino nui hoki te wāriu o te urupare (feedback). I muri i te whakaotinga o tētahi mahi, ka whai wāhi te kaiuru ki te mōhio me pēhea te kite a ētahi atu i tana whanonga, he aha ngā mea i pai te haere, ā, he aha ngā wāhanga ka taea te whakapai ake. He mea nui kia whai hua te urupare, kia mārama, kia motuhake hoki, ā, kia aro ki ngā mahi a te tangata, kaua ki tōna ake tuakiri. Mā tēnei huarahi ka iti ake te tūponotanga ka tū te tangata ki te ārai i a ia anō, ā, ka tere ake te whanaketanga o āna pūkenga.
He wāhanga nui anō ko te matapakinga ā-rōpū (group discussion). I ngā wā whakawhiti kōrero ka tohatoha ngā kaiuru i ō rātou wheako, ka whakaputa whakaaro rerekē, ka ako ki te tautoko i ā rātou whakatau mā ngā taunakitanga, ā, ka ako hoki ki te whakarongo ki ngā whakaaro o ētahi atu. Nā konei ka hōhonu ake te māramatanga ki te kaupapa e akona ana, ā, ka whanake hoki te āhei ki te mahi tahi me te whai whakaaro ki ngā tirohanga o te hunga e noho tata ana.
I roto i te maha o ngā whakangungu ka whakamahia ngā tikanga rapu otinga ā-rōpū, pērā i te brainstorming. Ko tōna tino whāinga he whakakore i ngā aukatinga o roto, kia wātea ai ngā kaiuru ki te whakaputa whakaaro hou. I te wāhanga tuatahi kāore ngā whakaaro e aromatawaitia, kia kore ai e mataku te tangata ki te hē, ā, kia whakakaha hoki i te whakaaro auaha. Whai muri i tēnā, ka tātari tahi te rōpū i ngā whakaaro katoa, ā, ka kōwhiri i ngā otinga tino pai.
Ko te whaiwhakaaro (reflection) te tukanga whakamutunga o te nuinga o ngā wāhanga whakangungu. Ka whakaaro ngā kaiuru ki ō rātou wheako, ka aromatawai i ngā pūkenga kua riro i a rātou, ka mōhio ki ngā panonitanga i puta i roto i te whakangungu, ā, ka whakatakoto whāinga mō tō rātou whanaketanga ā muri ake nei. Mā te whaiwhakaaro ka huri ngā mahi whakangungu hei wheako whaiaro ka mau tonu ki te tangata i muri i te mutunga o te akoranga.
He mea nui hoki te whakarite tika i te whakangungu ake. I te nuinga o te wā ka tīmata te mahi mā te whakamōhio i ngā kaiuru ki a rātou anō, te waihanga i tētahi taiao whakawhirinaki, me te whakaae ki ngā ture mō te mahi tahi. Ka whai mai ko te whakatakoto whāinga, tētahi kōrero ariā poto, ngā mahi ā-ringa, te matapaki i ngā hua, me te whakakapi i te wāhanga. Mā tēnei raupapa ka ako ngā kaiuru i te kaupapa āta haere, ā, ka noho māia rātou puta noa i te tukanga.
I ēnei rā, kua whakamahia ngā whakangungu pūkenga motuhake i roto i te nuinga o ngā wāhanga mahi. Ka whakahaerehia mō ngā kaiako, ngā kaimātai hinengaro, ngā tākuta, ngā kaiwhakahaere, ngā kaimahi o ngā kamupene, ngā kaimahi kāwanatanga, me ngā ākonga. Ahakoa te momo mahi, kotahi tonu te whāinga—ko te āwhina i te tangata kia whiwhi i ngā pūkenga kāore e taea te whakawhanake mā te pānui pukapuka, mā te whakarongo noa rānei ki ngā kauhau.
Ko te whakakotahitanga o te ariā, te mahi ā-ringa, te whai wāhi kaha o ngā kaiuru, me te urupare tonutanga, koirā te take e noho ai te whakangungu pūkenga motuhake hei tētahi o ngā tikanga whakaako tino whai hua o ēnei rā. Kāore e mutu ki te whakawhiwhi mātauranga hou anake, engari ka huri taua mātauranga hei pūkenga ngaio tūturu, e taea ai e te tangata te whakamahi angitu i roto i tana mahi, i tana ako, me tōna oranga o ia rā.