Ko te Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) me te Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) he āhuatanga rerekē o te whanaketanga o te roro (neurodevelopmental conditions), engari he maha ngā tohu ka tino ōrite te āhua. Nā konei ka uaua i ētahi wā ki ngā mātua, ngā kaiako, tae atu hoki ki ngā tohunga, te mōhio he aha te tino pūtake o ngā whanonga motuhake o te tamaiti. Hei tua atu, e whakaatu ana ngā rangahau o ēnei rā he maha ngā tāngata ka noho tahi ki te ASD me te ADHD, ā, ka uaua ake te aromatawai, me te hiahia kia whānui, kia matawhānui hoki te tirohanga a ngā tohunga.
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga e tino ōrite ana ko ngā uauatanga ki te pupuri i te aro. Ko ngā tamariki me ngā pakeke whai ADHD he maha ngā wā ka uaua ki te aro ki ngā mahi e hōhā ana, e tukurua ana rānei. Ka kitea hoki ēnei uauatanga ki ngā tāngata whai ASD, otirā mēnā he nui ngā tono pāpori o te mahi, he kaha rānei ngā whakaongaonga tairongo (sensory stimuli). I ngā āhuatanga e rua ka kite pea ngā tāngata e noho tata ana i te tangata i te wareware, te marara o te aro, me te uaua ki te whai tohutohu.
Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga e ōrite ana ko te nui o te korikori tinana me ngā whanonga nekeneke rerekē. I te ADHD, ka kitea pea te tamaiti e korikori tonu ana, e nekeneke ana i tōna nohoanga, e tū ake ana ahakoa kāore he take, ā, e uaua ana ki te noho marino. Ka kitea hoki ngā whanonga nekeneke ki te ASD, engari he rerekē te tino take. He maha ngā wā ka pā ēnei ki ngā nekeneke tukurua (repetitive movements), te self-stimulation (stimming), me te ngana ki te whakaiti i te taumahatanga ā-kare ā-roto. Ahakoa ngā rerekētanga o te pūtake, he tino rite te āhua o ēnei whanonga ki te hunga e mātakitaki ana.
Ka kitea hoki ngā ōritenga i roto i te whakawhitiwhiti pāpori. Ko ngā tamariki whai ADHD ka uaua pea ki te kōrero ki ētahi atu nā te pōhēhē o ā rātou mahi (impulsivity), te kore aro ki ngā kōrero a te tangata, me te wawao i ngā kōrero a ētahi atu. Ko ngā tamariki whai ASD, he rerekē te pūtake o ngā uauatanga. He maha ngā wā ka pā ēnei ki te uaua ki te mārama ki ngā tohu pāpori, ngā tohu kore-kupu (non-verbal communication), me ngā kare ā-roto o ētahi atu. Ahakoa he rerekē ngā take, he rite tonu pea te hua—ka uaua te hanga hononga ki ngā hoa me ngā pakeke.
Ka kitea hoki ngā āhuatanga e ōrite ana i roto i ngā kare ā-roto. Ko te hunga whai ADHD he maha ngā wā ka tere te rerekē o ngā kare ā-roto, ka uaua ki te whakahaere i aua kare, ā, ka kaha ngā urupare ohorere. Ka kitea hoki ngā urupare kaha ki ngā tāngata whai ASD, otirā ina taumaha rawa ngā whakaongaonga tairongo, ina panoni ohorere ngā tikanga o ia rā, ina nui rawa rānei ngā whakaongaonga o te taiao. Nā reira, ka kitea pea te tangata he tino tairongo, he uaua hoki ki te whakahaere i ōna kare ā-roto.
He rite hoki ngā raruraru ki te whakarite mahi. Ka wareware pea te tangata ki ngā mahi nui, ka uaua ki te whakamahere, ka ngaro āna taonga, kāore rānei e whakaoti i ngā mahi kua tīmata. I te ADHD, he maha ngā wā ka pā ēnei raruraru ki ngā ngoikoretanga o ngā executive functions, arā, ngā pūnaha o te roro e whakahaere ana i te whakamahere, te whakahaere whaiaro, me te whakahaere whanonga. I te ASD, ka puta pea ēnei uauatanga nā ngā rerekētanga o te whakaaro, te uaua ki te huri i te aro, me te uaua ki te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga hou.
Ka kitea hoki ngā āhuatanga tairongo i roto i ngā āhuatanga e rua. He tokomaha ngā tāngata whai ASD ka tino tairongo ki ngā oro, ngā rama, ngā pānga ā-tinana, me ngā haunga. E ai ki ngā rangahau o nā tata nei, ka kitea hoki ēnei uauatanga ki te tokomaha o ngā tāngata whai ADHD. Nā reira, ka tere ngenge pea te tangata i ngā wāhi haruru, ka rongo i te tino hōhā i ngā wāhi kikī tangata, ā, ka karo i ētahi wāhi me ētahi āhuatanga.
He mea nui kia mārama ahakoa he maha ngā tohu e ōrite ana, he rerekē tonu te ASD me te ADHD. I te ASD, ko ngā āhuatanga matua ko ngā rerekētanga o te whakawhitiwhiti pāpori, te kōrero, me te tukatuka pārongo. I te ADHD, ko ngā tino āhuatanga ko ngā raruraru aro, te ngoikore o te whakahaere i a koe anō, me te uaua ki te whakahaere i te taumata o te korikori me te whanonga. Hei tua atu, kāore tētahi āhuatanga e aukati i tētahi atu. E ai ki ngā rangahau o ēnei rā, he nui te tokomaha o ngā tāngata whai ASD ka whai ADHD hoki, ā, he pērā anō te āhua ki ētahi tāngata whai ADHD.
Nā reira, mēnā ka kitea he uauatanga ki te aro, ki te whanonga, ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ki te ako rānei, kāore e tika kia whakawhirinaki noa ki te whakatau a te tangata mōna anō. Mā te aromatawai hinengaro me te aromatawai neuropsychological whānui ka taea te tautuhi i ngā tino take o ngā uauatanga me te kōwhiri i ngā huarahi tautoko e tino hāngai ana. Mā te kite wawe i ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te whanaketanga o te tamaiti, o te pakeke rānei, ka nui ake ngā whai wāhitanga mō te urutau angitu, te ako whai hua, me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga.